The pancreas produces pancreatic juice, rich in enzymes, to break down and subsequently digest food.If the pancreatic ducts are blocked, the enzymes produced are delayed and begin to break down the organ itself, causing inflammation and pancreatitis.In the modern world, pancreatitis is a common disease.A person who leads an unhealthy lifestyle is more susceptible to the disease than others: smoking, abusing alcohol and eating junk food.The causes of the disease are varied:
- Drink alcohol.
- Poor nutrition, overeating.
- Abdominal injuries.
- Infectious diseases of the digestive system.
- Gallstone disease.
- Parasites.
- Taking certain medications and allergic reactions.
- Complication after surgery (approximately 5%).
It is necessary to eliminate the factors that influence the development of the disease.In special cases, when pancreatitis is a consequence of an injury or other illness, for example gallstones, a cure is possible.
Basic nutrition for pancreatitis
Unfortunately, it is often impossible to cure completely, but there are likely chances to stop the destruction of the pancreas and try to reduce relapses.Nutrition for pancreatitis of the pancreas is of great importance.The acute condition is alleviated with medication;dietary nutrition remains the main thing.
The basic principle of nutrition for pancreatitis is not to overload the pancreas.Try reducing enzyme production.Food should be easily digestible without causing fermentation.You need to eat often, in small portions.A smaller portion means less load on the diseased organ.During an exacerbation, frequent fractional meals are excluded.The less and less a person eats, the better.Meal breaks last up to 12 hours.For pancreatitis, foods with a warm, soft consistency are welcome.
It is important for a patient with pancreatitis to study in detail what should not be consumed categorically, what foods should be avoided during pancreatitis and what foods can be consumed.
Authorized Products
- Dry bread or crackers.
- Diet meats: lean beef, rabbit, white part of chicken and turkey.
- Dairy products: milk, low-acid cottage cheese and yogurt.It is necessary to monitor the fat content of the product.Cottage cheese no more than 2%, preferably low-fat.It is advisable to exclude fermented milk, sour cream and cream.
- Lean fish.Preferably cod.
- Cereals and any pasta.
- Vegetables that do not cause strong gas formation.Carrots, potatoes, beets, pumpkin, zucchini.
- Fruits: exclusively green apples, pears, bananas, avocados, persimmons.It is advisable to bake fruit.
- Weak teas, dried fruit or berry compotes.
Prohibited Products
- Alcohol.Even drinks with a low alcohol content will have to be completely excluded during the diet!
- Chocolate, sugar, desserts, cakes, pastries, baked goods and other products that contain a lot of sugar.
- Pork and red fish.
- Seasonings, spices, salt, smoked meats.
- Fermentable vegetables: white cabbage, radish, onion, garlic, spinach, radish.
- Fruits: grapes, red apples, citrus fruits, peaches, plums.
- Coffee, strong black or green tea, cocoa, soft drinks, packaged juice.
- Cereals and porridges: millet, pearl barley, millet.
- Vegetables, mushrooms, nuts.
During the period of remission, small relaxations are allowed.For example, it is acceptable to drink weak coffee with milk.For dressing, use low-fat sour cream, olive oil or linseed oil.
Soups that stimulate gastric secretion are not recommended for pancreatitis.However, outside of an exacerbation, it is allowed to eat soups with vegetable broths.A spoonful of honey for dessert doesn't hurt.
Despite the scarce variety of food products for pancreatitis, a well-designed menu makes the diet varied.
Type of pancreatitis and nutrition
Pancreatitis is classified according to the nature of the disease:
- Acute pancreatitis.
- Chronic pancreatitis.
Depending on the type, appropriate treatment and diet developed by the doctor are prescribed.
Acute pancreatitis is treated in a hospital setting.This is a serious condition and can be fatal without immediate medical attention.In addition to the surgical intervention performed, in the case of acute pancreatitis the following conditions must be met:
- Bed rest.
- Depression of pancreatic function.
- Drug treatment.
- Starvation diet.
During an exacerbation of pancreatitis, fasting is indicated.The fasting diet can last up to three days.A person should drink 1.5-2 liters of liquid - mineral water will do, gas needs to be released, weak black or green tea or rosehip infusion, only clean water.If the patient's condition is serious, the fast is extended to seven days and nutrients are provided intravenously.
The diet for acute pancreatitis immediately after fasting should be gentle.It is allowed to eat oatmeal, viscous soups and boiled rice.The basic rule during an exacerbation is that food is introduced gradually.In the first few days, the food is low in calories, mucous and does not irritate the gastrointestinal tract.Volume and calorie content increase as recovery progresses.
After the acute phase, the disease becomes chronic.Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by low-grade inflammation and periodic pain.Attacks are triggered by consumption of alcohol and irritating foods.
To prevent frequent relapses and reduce pain, the pancreatitis diet should be continued for life.The diet should contain proteins of plant and animal origin.But the amount of fat is reduced to the limit.Handle carbohydrates carefully.The diet for chronic pancreatitis is carefully developed so that, despite the meager list of permitted foods, the patient receives the necessary nutrients.Additionally, vitamins may be prescribed.
Therapeutic diet for pancreatitis
How to eat well during pancreatitis so as not to harm the pancreas?
Soviet doctors also developed a special therapeutic diet for patients with pancreatitis.It is called Pevzner diet No. 5. And although diet therapy has changed over the years, therapeutic nutrition for pancreatitis is still based on diet No. 5. In case of exacerbation, Pevzner diet No. 5p is prescribed.
The diet for chronic pancreatitis is quite varied.Diet No. 5 allows milk sausages and medical sausages.Although, given modern realities, it is better to refuse sausages.If you wish, try making your own sausages.At first, before dieting becomes a habit, it is better to create a menu for the week and purchase the necessary products according to the list.Unnecessary trips to the store should be avoided, anticipating the possibility of purchasing a prohibited product.
Weekly menu for pancreatitis
First day:
- Breakfast: Finely ground oats, boil until viscous.Weak green tea.
- Snack: Yogurt.
- Lunch: Mashed potatoes with steamed turkey cutlets, berry compote.
- Snack: Roasted green apple.
- Dinner: Pumpkin porridge with semolina, weak black tea.
- Before bed: low-fat cottage cheese.
Second day:
- Breakfast: Steamed or oven omelette, rosehip infusion.
- Snack: Carrots cooked with a minimum amount of oil.
- Lunch: Vegetable puree soup.Cookies.Add a spoonful of vegetable oil.Dried fruit compote.
- Snack: Cheese sandwich, weak green tea.
- Dinner: Boiled cauliflower, steamed fish fillet.Cover with 10% cream.
- Before bed: Yogurt.
Third day:
- Breakfast: Rice porridge with milk, boiled rice, milk diluted with water.Weak black tea.
- Snack: Cottage cheese casserole, prepared with semolina.Add a spoonful of honey.
- Lunch: Noodles and steamed meatballs made from lean meat.Dried fruit compote.
- Snack: Roasted pear.
- Dinner: Buckwheat soup with milk.Green Tea.
- Before bed: Yogurt.
Fourth day:
- Breakfast: Oatmeal, black tea.
- Snack: Boiled or roasted beets.
- Lunch: Vegetable stew with steamed chicken fillet and rose hips.
- Snack: lean bread, jam.
- Dinner: Vermicelli soup with milk.
- Before bed: Kefir.
Fifth day:
- Breakfast: Steamed omelette, black tea.It is convenient to cook an omelet in a bag.Pour the raw mixture into a food bag, tie it tightly and place it in boiling water.The omelet will cook much faster than steam, without losing its properties.
- Snack: Yogurt.
- Lunch: Vegetable soup with meatballs (the meatballs are prepared separately), compote.
- Snack: Sandwich with butter and avocado, rosehip.
- Dinner: Buckwheat with steamed cutlets, jelly.
- Before bed: low-fat cottage cheese.
Sixth day:
- Breakfast: Semolina porridge cooked in water, weak coffee with milk.
- Snack: green apple jelly.
- Lunch: Pumpkin puree soup, you can add a little milk, jam.
- Snack: Yogurt.
- Dinner: Rice with turkey or chicken fillet, rose hips.
- Before bed: Fruit jelly.
Seventh day:
- Breakfast: Buckwheat milk soup.Preferably diluted milk.
- Snack: banana.
- Lunch: Vermicelli, steamed rabbit cutlets, jam.
- Snack: Cottage cheese casserole, spoonful of honey.
- Dinner: Steamed vegetables, tea.
- Before bed: Yogurt.
An approximate menu for chronic pancreatitis is described;It is possible to diversify the list of permitted products.The main thing is to comply with the conditions:
- It is advisable to consume foods from the region where you live.Exotic fruits and vegetables are not good for you;they are taken to the green stores.
- Jams are prepared from dried fruits with the addition of berries: blueberries, blueberries, black currants.It is not allowed to drink fruit juice too often.Remember - the concentration of the drink is higher than that of the jam and can irritate the mucous membranes.
- Products subjected to heat treatment must be boiled or steamed.Vegetables and fruits are consumed exclusively cooked.
- Pancreatitis products must be fresh and of high quality.A healthy person's body is able to handle sour cottage cheese or soup for a week.Such a diet during inflammation of the pancreas will cause an exacerbation of the disease.
Weekly menu for pancreatitis after an exacerbation
After an exacerbation, it is necessary to carefully introduce food, starting with a small amount of calories, gradually increasing it to normal.The food in the first week is bad.After eating, you need to monitor your condition;if it gets worse, see a doctor.
The first day after fasting:
- Dry bread and jam.
- Continue to drink plenty of fluids.
Second day:
- Sticky rice soup.
- Dry bread or crackers.
- Weak black tea, rosehip infusion, jelly.
- Continue to drink plenty of fluids.
Third day:
- Breakfast: Oatmeal, with a thin and viscous consistency, cooked in water.
- Lunch: Liquid mashed potatoes.
- Dinner: toast.Weak black tea or rosehip tea.
Fourth day:
- Breakfast: Semolina porridge on water.
- Lunch: Liquid mashed potatoes.
- Dinner: Cookies.Kissel.
Fifth day:
- Breakfast: Buckwheat milk soup.
- Lunch: Potato and carrot vegetable puree.
- Dinner: Cookies.Jam.
Sixth day:
- Breakfast: protein omelet.
- Lunch: Slimy rice soup.
- Dinner: Pumpkin and zucchini vegetable puree.Black tea.
Seventh day:
- Breakfast: Oatmeal cooked with diluted milk.
- Lunch: Vegetable stew, steamed turkey meatball.
- Dinner: Low-fat cottage cheese.Green Tea.
- Before bed: Oat jelly.
- Gradually, over 10-14 days, a return to the basic diet occurs.
Consequences of not following the diet
If a person ignores his condition and does not follow proper nutrition during pancreatitis, such behavior is fraught with constant exacerbations.Chronic recurrent pancreatitis is a dangerous condition of the pancreas.The constantly evolving disease increases the area of cellular damage, leads to complete atrophy of the organ and the development of concomitant diseases - cholecystitis, peptic ulcer disease, threatening diabetes and pancreatic cancer.
The diet of patients with pancreatitis is the basis for a long and quality life.